This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by Touré Holder
In this tutorial you'll learn how to easily make a UI layout for your flutter app that adapts to different screen sizes with the adaptive_layout
package.
The next few sections show how to build a simple UI that displays a list of movie posters and titles and allows the user to see more details of the movie when they tap an item in the list.
Small screen UI
On small, phone-sized, screens when the user taps an item they will navigate to a different screen with the details.
Large screen UI
On large screens, when the user taps a list item the details are displayed on the right side of the list and there is no navigation.
Live demo
Even better than an image, see a live demo of what we'll be building.
Let's go!
We'll take care of the behavior expected for small screens first, then adapt our implementation for larger screens. These are the steps:
- 1. Create a new app
- 2. Provide the data set
- 3. Create the model
- 4. Create the movie list page
- 5. Create the movie detail page
- 6. Navigate to the detail screen when an item is tapped
- 7. Convert movie list page into home page
- 8. Make the home page adaptive with the
adaptive_layout
package - 9. Display the detail view when an item is tapped on large screens
- BONUS: Make it look a little better on large screens
- BONUS: Tests
1. Create a new app
Go ahead and create
a new flutter app.
flutter create adaptive_layout_example
2. Provide the data set
We'll be using a hard-coded data set, so we can focus our efforts on the UI layout.
- Under the
lib
folder, create a folder calleddata
with a file nameddata.dart
. - Copy the contents of this file into your file.
3. Create the model
Create a Movie
class with a static function that parses the data into a list of Movie
s and returns the list.
- Under the
lib
folder, create a folder calledmodel
with a filemovie.dart
. - Paste the following content into the file.
import '../data/data.dart';
class Movie {
final int id;
final String title;
final String overview;
final String posterPath;
Movie({
required this.id,
required this.title,
required this.overview,
required this.posterPath,
});
static List<Movie> getList() => data
.map(
(element) => Movie(
id: element['id'],
title: element['title'],
overview: element['overview'],
posterPath: element['poster_path'],
),
)
.toList();
}
const String LARGE_POSTER_BASE_URL = "https://image.tmdb.org/t/p/w300";
const String SMALL_POSTER_BASE_URL = "https://image.tmdb.org/t/p/w92";
4. Create the movie list page
Now let's create a page that will display the list of movies:
- Create a new folder under
lib
calledpages
. - Within the
pages
folder create a file namedmovie_list_page.dart
. - In
movie_list_page.dart
create twoStatelessWidget
s: one calledMovieListPage
and another calledMovieListView
, with this content.
class MovieListPage extends StatelessWidget {
const MovieListPage({Key? key}) : super(key: key);
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
final movies = Movie.getList();
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Movies'),
),
body: MovieListView(
movies: movies,
onTapItem: (Movie movie) {
// TODO: Navigate to detail screen
},
),
);
}
}
class MovieListView extends StatelessWidget {
final List<Movie> movies;
final Function(Movie) onTapItem;
const MovieListView({
Key? key,
required this.movies,
required this.onTapItem,
}) : super(key: key);
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return ListView.builder(
itemCount: movies.length,
itemBuilder: (context, index) {
final movie = movies[index];
return ListTile(
key: Key('list_item_$index'),
leading: Image.network(SMALL_POSTER_BASE_URL + movie.posterPath),
title: Text('${movie.title}'),
contentPadding: EdgeInsets.all(12.0),
onTap: () {
onTapItem.call(movie);
},
);
},
);
}
}
Observe that MovieListPage
is a container widget for the presentational MovieListView
widget.
Now, remove the framework generated MyHomePage
and _MyHomePageState
classes from lib/main.dart
and use MovieListPage()
as the home
widget for the MaterialApp
. The lib/main.dart
file should now look like this:
void main() {
runApp(MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Adaptive Layout Tutorial',
theme: ThemeData(
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
// Use `MovieListPage()` as the `home` widget
home: MovieListPage(),
);
}
}
The list page should now be displayed when the app starts:
5. Create the movie detail page
Now let's create a page that will display more details of a given movie:
- Within the
pages
folder create a file namedmovie_detail_page.dart
. - Similarly, in
movie_detail_page.dart
create twoStatelessWidget
s: a container widget calledMovieDetailPage
and a presentationalMovieDetailView
widget, with this content:
class MovieDetailPage extends StatelessWidget {
final Movie movie;
const MovieDetailPage(
this.movie, {
Key? key,
}) : super(key: key);
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(),
body: MovieDetailView(movie),
);
}
}
class MovieDetailView extends StatelessWidget {
final Movie movie;
const MovieDetailView(
this.movie, {
Key? key,
}) : super(key: key);
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return SingleChildScrollView(
padding: EdgeInsets.all(24.0),
child: Column(
crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,
children: [
ClipRRect(
borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(10.0),
child: Image.network(LARGE_POSTER_BASE_URL + movie.posterPath),
),
SizedBox(height: 24.0),
Text(
movie.title,
style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.headline4,
textAlign: TextAlign.center,
),
SizedBox(height: 24.0),
Text(
movie.overview,
style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.subtitle1,
textAlign: TextAlign.center,
),
],
),
);
}
}
For simplicity, we are just displaying the poster image, title and overview of the movie in the detail view.
6. Navigate to the detail screen when an item is tapped
Update the onTapItem()
callback of the MovieListView
in the MovieListPage
widget, so we can navigate to the detail screen and back.
// Within the `MovieListPage` widget
onTapItem: (Movie movie) {
Navigator.push(
context,
MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => MovieDetailPage(movie)),
);
},
With that, our small screen UI is done! You should now be able to navigate to the detail screen and back:
7. Convert movie list page into home page
As a first step to making our layout adaptive to different screen sizes:
- Convert
MovieListPage
to aStatefulWidget
. (In VS Code place the cursor onStatelessWidget
, press CTRL/CMD + . and select "Convert to StatefulWidget".) - For semantic's sake rename it to
HomePage
and the file tohome_page.dart
.
On small screens the HomePage
widget will contain only the MovieListView
. On large screens the HomePage
widget will contain the MovieListView
and the MovieDetailView
side by side. You'll understand why we converted the widget to a StatefulWidget
in just a bit.
8. Make the home page adaptive with the adaptive_layout
package
To help us implement us display different layouts on different screen sizes we'll use the adaptive_layout
package.
- Install it with
$ flutter pub add adaptive_layout
This will add a line like this to your package's pubspec.yaml (and run an implicit dart pub get).
dependencies:
adaptive_layout: ^0.1.3
- Now in
home_page.dart
, import the package:
import 'package:adaptive_layout/adaptive_layout.dart';
- Update the
body
of theScaffold
ofHomePage
to be anAdaptiveLayout
with asmallLayout
and alargeLayout
like so:
class HomePage extends StatefulWidget {
const HomePage({Key? key}) : super(key: key);
@override
_HomePageState createState() => _HomePageState();
}
class _HomePageState extends State<HomePage> {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
final movies = Movie.getList();
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Movies'),
),
// Now using an `AdaptiveLayout` as the `body`
body: AdaptiveLayout(
// Provide `MovieListView` as the `smallLayout`
smallLayout: MovieListView(
movies: movies,
onTapItem: (Movie movie) {
Navigator.push(
context,
MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => MovieDetailPage(movie)),
);
},
),
// Provide a `Row` as the `largeLayout`
largeLayout: Row(
children: [
Expanded(
child: MovieListView(
movies: movies,
onTapItem: (Movie movie) {
// TODO: Update detail view to the right
},
),
),
Expanded(
child: Container(
child: Center(
child: Text(
'Select a movie from the list on the left to see the details here.',
),
),
),
)
],
),
),
);
}
}
The smallLayout
is just our MovieListView
and the largeLayout
is a 2-column Row
with the MovieListView
in the first Expanded
column.
At this point, on small screens the app should have the same behavior as before of navigating to the detail page when a list item is tapped. On large screens we should now see the list on the left-hand side of the screen and the message "Select a movie from the list on the left to see the details here" in the center of the right-hand side of the screen:
However, nothing happens when we tap a list item on large screens. Let's tackle that next.
9. Display the detail view when an item is tapped on large screens
With a few new lines of code in the home_page.dart
file we can display the detail view on the right hand side when an item is tapped on large screens.
- Create a private property of the
_HomePageState
of typeMovie?
named_selectedMovie
.
class _HomePageState extends State<HomePage> {
Movie? _selectedMovie;
...
- Update the
onTapItem()
callback of theMovieListView
in thelargeLayout
of theAdaptiveLayout
widget to update the_selectedMovie
property withsetState
. This is why we converted the widget to aStatefulWidget
a few steps ago.
// Within the `largeLayout`
onTapItem: (Movie movie) {
setState(() {
_selectedMovie = movie;
});
},
- Update the second
Expandable
of theRow
to display the message if_selectedMovie
isnull
and theMovieDetailView
otherwise.
Expanded(
child: Container(
child: _selectedMovie == null
? Center(
child: Text(
'Select a movie from the list on the left to see the details here.',
),
)
: MovieDetailView(
_selectedMovie!,
),
),
)
And... we're done! ?
On small, phone-sized, screens when the user taps an item they will navigate to a different screen with the details and on larger screens the details are displayed on the right side of the list and there is no navigation.
BONUS: Make it look a little better on large screens
To make our app look a little better, let's leave the selected list item highlighted and put a divider line between the list view and the detail view with a few new lines of code in the home_page.dart
file.
- Add a new attribute
selectedId
attribute toMovieListView
, so it knows which item a selected.
class MovieListView extends StatelessWidget {
final List<Movie> movies;
final Function(Movie) onTapItem;
final int? selectedId;
const MovieListView({
Key? key,
required this.movies,
required this.onTapItem,
this.selectedId,
}) : super(key: key);
...
- Update the
itemBuilder
of theListView.builder
to wrap theListTile
in aContainer
and give theContainer
color if theListTile
's movie is the selected one.
itemBuilder: (context, index) {
final movie = movies[index];
final color = movie.id == selectedId
? Theme.of(context).primaryColor.withOpacity(0.25)
: Colors.transparent;
return Container(
color: color,
child: ListTile(
key: Key('list_item_$index'),
leading: Image.network(SMALL_POSTER_BASE_URL + movie.posterPath),
title: Text('${movie.title}'),
contentPadding: EdgeInsets.all(12.0),
onTap: () {
onTapItem.call(movie);
},
),
);
},
- Update the first
Expandable
of theRow
in thelargeLayout
of theAdaptiveLayout
to provide the selected movie'sid
to theMovieListView
.
Expanded(
child: MovieListView(
movies: movies,
onTapItem: (Movie movie) {
setState(() {
_selectedMovie = movie;
});
},
selectedId: _selectedMovie?.id,
),
),
- Lastly, let's add a border to the left-hand side of the detail view's
Container
with someBoxDecoration
.
Expanded(
child: Container(
decoration: BoxDecoration(
border: Border(
left: BorderSide(
color: Colors.grey[300]!,
width: 1.0,
),
),
),
child: _selectedMovie == null
? Center(
child: Text(
'Select a movie from the list on the left to see the details here.',
),
)
: MovieDetailView(
_selectedMovie!,
),
),
)
Of course the sky's the limit with the design, but I think our app is minimally presentable now:
BONUS: Tests
I chose not to TDD this so we could focus on the layout, but you can find the tests here in the source code.
Note in the tests that I use WidgetTester
to specify a small screen size in a setUp
function like this:
setUp(() {
binding.window.physicalSizeTestValue = Size(
AdaptiveLayout.getBreakpoints().mediumScreenMinWidth - 10,
500,
);
binding.window.devicePixelRatioTestValue = 1.0;
});
and to specify a large screen size like this:
setUp(() {
binding.window.physicalSizeTestValue = Size(
AdaptiveLayout.getBreakpoints().largeScreenMinWidth + 10,
500,
);
binding.window.devicePixelRatioTestValue = 1.0;
});
Head over the the Github repo to see the complete source code with a separate commit for each step ?.
Congrats on making it to the end and thanks for following along! ? ❤️ ⭐ ? ?
This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by Touré Holder
Touré Holder | Sciencx (2021-07-02T11:39:55+00:00) Creating adaptive layouts with Flutter. Retrieved from https://www.scien.cx/2021/07/02/creating-adaptive-layouts-with-flutter/
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