This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by Umme Abira AZMARY
A dictionary is an unordered collection that consists of key-value pairs. Dictionaries are bounded by curly braces and have a list of key: value pairs which are separated by comma (,)
dict1 = {}
dict1['name'] ='mouly'
dict1['address'] = 'bogura'
dict1['profession'] = 'student'
print(dict1)
Output:
{'name': 'mouly', 'address': 'bogura', 'profession': 'student'}
Here, name, address, profession are keys. Keys need to be immutable type and keys are case sensitive.
Empty Dictionary
dict2 = {}
print(dict2)
Output:
{}
Accessing a dictionary inside a dictionary
m_zen = { 88017:'rihan', 88015:'kiran', 88018 : ['sonam','riki'], 88013: 'harmeonie', 88016 :{24: 'chinal',26:'sonu'}}
y = m_zen[88016][26]
print(y)
Output:
sonu
Adding two list as key,value in dictionary
For this, we have to use zip function.
name = ['darla','remina','sonam','kiran']
age = [23, 45, 3, 44]
res = dict(zip(name,age))
print(res)
Output:
{'darla': 23, 'remina': 45, 'sonam': 3, 'kiran': 44}
Length of a dictionary
store = {'bangla' : 3, 'english' : 4, 'german' : 5, 'arabic' : 2}
print(len(store))
Output:
4
Dictionaries are mutable
Dictionaries are mutable while keys are immutable. So we can change the values of a dictionary.
dict3 = {'nila': 2345, 'mili': 2356, 'mona': 3456}
y = dict3['mona']
print(y)
Output:
3456
This is how we can access the value of a specific key of a dictionary.
We can also get the same value by using get function. The benefit of using get function is that, it does not give an error if we can not find value of a key; rather it gives None as output.
dict4 = {'nila': 2345, 'mili': 2356, 'mona': 3456}
y = dict4.get('nila')
print(y)
Output:
2345
dict4 = {'nila': 2345, 'mili': 2356, 'mona': 3456}
#x = dict4['rita'] #if we print it, it will give a KeyError
y = dict4.get('rita')
print(y)
Output:
None
changing the value of a dictionary
dictt = {'saturn': 2, 'moon': 1, 'mars': 'red'}
print(dictt)
dictt['moon'] = 'earth'
print(dictt)
Output:
{'saturn': 2, 'moon': 1, 'mars': 'red'}
{'saturn': 2, 'moon': 'earth', 'mars': 'red'}
address = {'room':3,'home':4,'street':2}
print(address)
address['room']= address['room']+ 2
print(address)
Output:
{'room': 3, 'home': 4, 'street': 2}
{'room': 5, 'home': 4, 'street': 2}
Here we can see how we the change value of a key of a dictionary.
Looping through a dictionary
songs = { 'red':'All Too Well', 1989: 'Style', 'reputation' : 'Gorgeous'}
for i in songs.keys():
print(i)
Output:
red
1989
reputation
songs = { 'red':'All Too Well', 1989: 'Style', 'reputation' : 'Gorgeous'}
for i in songs.values():
print(i)
Output:
All Too Well
Style
Gorgeous
songs = { 'red':'All Too Well', 1989: 'Style', 'reputation' : 'Gorgeous'}
for i,j in songs.items():
print(i, j)
Output:
red All Too Well
1989 Style
reputation Gorgeous
If I update a dictionary, then the updated list of keys will be displayed.
songs = { 'red':'All Too Well', 1989: 'Style', 'reputation' : 'Gorgeous'}
y = songs.keys()
songs['folklore'] = 'cardigan'
print(y)
Output:
dict_keys(['red', 1989, 'reputation', 'folklore'])
Determining if a key exists in Dictionary
d = {'red':'All Too Well', 1989: 'Style', 'reputation' : 'Gorgeous'}
if 'red' in d:
print('yup')
Output:
yup
Adding Elements
For adding a new element in a dictionary, we have to add a key and then assign a value in that key and it will add by default as the last value.
pdict = { 88017:'rihan', 'nila': 2345, 1989: 'Style', 88015:'kiran'}
pdict['mouly'] = 'cse'
print(pdict)
Output:
{88017: 'rihan', 'nila': 2345, 1989: 'Style', 88015: 'kiran', 'mouly': 'cse'}
Update method
Or, we can use update method.
pdict = { 88017:'rihan', 'nila': 2345, 1989: 'Style', 88015:'kiran'}
pdict.update({'mouly' : 'cse'})
print(pdict)
Output:
{88017: 'rihan', 'nila': 2345, 1989: 'Style', 88015: 'kiran', 'mouly': 'cse'}
Del method
We can use del method for removing an element or simply remove the whole dictionary.
rdict = {'darla': 23, 'remina': 45, 'sonam': 3, 'kiran': 44}
del rdict
print(rdict)
Output:
NameError: name 'rdict' is not defined
For removing any selective element from a dictinary,
rdict = {'darla': 23, 'remina': 45, 'sonam': 3, 'kiran': 44}
del rdict['sonam']
print(rdict)
Output:
{'darla': 23, 'remina': 45, 'kiran': 44}
Sorting dictionary
We can sort keys or values by using following method.
jdict = {'saturn': 'sat', 'moon': 'ear', 'mars': 'red', 'venus': 2}
new = sorted(jdict.keys())
print(jdict)
print(new)
Output:
['mars', 'moon', 'saturn', 'venus']
m_zen = { 88017:'rihan', 88015:'kiran', 88018 : ['sonam','riki'], 88013: 'harmeonie', 88016 :{24: 'chinal',26:'sonu'}}
y = sorted(m_zen.keys())
print(y)
Output:
[88013, 88015, 88016, 88017, 88018]
Sorting values,
jdict = {'saturn': 'sat', 'moon': 'ear', 'mars': 'red', 'venus': 2}
new = sorted(jdict.values())
print(new)
Output:
TypeError: '<' not supported between instances of 'int' and 'str'
Important thing to notice, we can not compare between the instances of integer and string.
gdict = {'saturn': 'sat', 'moon': 'ear', 'mars': 'red', 'venus': 'blue'}
new = sorted(gdict.values())
print(new)
Output:
['blue', 'ear', 'red', 'sat']
Take a input dict from the user
n = 2
d = dict(input("Enter: ").split() for i in range(n)) #while taking input write one key-value in only line and go to the next line
print(d)
Output:
Enter: name mouly
Enter: student bracu
{'name': 'mouly', 'student': 'bracu'}
or,
val="""name mouly
age 21
home bogura"""
y = dict(x.split() for x in val.splitlines())
print(y)
Output:
{'name': 'mouly', 'age': '21', 'home': 'bogura'}
or,
n = int(input("enter a n value:"))
d = {}
for i in range(n):
keys = input() # here i have taken keys as strings
values =input() # here i have taken values as integers
d[keys] = values
print(d)
Output:
enter a n value:2
name
mouly
age
21
{'name': 'mouly', 'age': '21'}
or,
n = int(input()) #n is the number of items you want to enter
d ={}
for i in range(n):
text = input().split() #split the input text based on space & store in the list 'text'
d[text[0]] = text[1] #assign the 1st item to key and 2nd item to value of the dictionary
print(d)
Output:
2
name mouly
street 2
{'name': 'mouly', 'street': '2'}
This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by Umme Abira AZMARY
Umme Abira AZMARY | Sciencx (2022-01-26T14:28:14+00:00) {“Dictionary” : “fun”}. Retrieved from https://www.scien.cx/2022/01/26/dictionary-fun/
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