How to build a full stack serverless application with Svelte, GraphQL, and Fauna

In this tutorial, you learn to will build a full-stack serverless application with Svelte.js, GraphQL, and Fauna. You will build a blogging platform similar to Dev.to, hashnode.com, or Medium. Users will be able to sign in to your application, create n…


This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by Shadid Haque

In this tutorial, you learn to will build a full-stack serverless application with Svelte.js, GraphQL, and Fauna. You will build a blogging platform similar to Dev.to, hashnode.com, or Medium. Users will be able to sign in to your application, create new posts, edit, and delete their own posts.

We will be using the following technology stack.

  • Svelte.js (Sveltekit)
  • GraphQL
  • Fauna for the database
  • Deployment (Vercel or Netlify)

🤖 You can find the final code in the following github link.

Create a new Svelte App

First, go ahead and create a new Svelte app. Run the following commands in our terminal.

npm init svelte@next blogApp

The Svelte CLI will give you some options to customize our application. Choose the following options.

✔ Which Svelte app template? › Skeleton project

✔ Use TypeScript? … No

✔ Add ESLint for code linting?  Yes

âś” Add Prettier for code formatting? Yes

Run our newly created application with the following command.

cd blogApp
npm i
npm run dev

Preview of running sample app

In this tutorial, we will primarily focus on the functionality of our application. We will not spend too much time styling. Let’s go ahead and create a simple Navbar component. Create a new file src/lib/Nav.svelte and add the following code in there.

// src/lib/Nav.svelte

<nav>
  <a href="/">Home</a>
  <a href="/login">Login</a>
  <a href="/register">Register</a>
</nav>

Next, let’s create a layout file. Create a new file src/routes/__layout.svelte and add the following code.

// src/routes/__layout.svelte
<script>
    import Nav from '$lib/Nav.svelte';
  </script>

<Nav />
<slot></slot>

Now when you run the application, a Navbar component will appear in each page.

App with navbar component

Setting up Svelte GraphQL client

Your Svelte app will be consuming a GraphQL backend service. There are many popular libraries that you can use to consume GraphQL in Svelte. The @urql/svelte library is one of the most popular ones. Let’s go ahead and set it up.

Run the following command to add the library in your project.

npm i @urql/svelte --save

Next create a new file src/client.js and add the following code snippet.

// src/client.js

import { createClient } from '@urql/svelte';

export default createClient({
  url: 'https://graphql.us.fauna.com/graphql',

  // For DB in other zone use the following url
    // EU: https://graphql.eu.fauna.com/graphql
  // Classic: https://graphql.fauna.com/graphql

  fetchOptions: () => {
    const token = import.meta.env.VITE_PUBLIC_FAUNA_KEY;
    return {
      headers: { authorization: token ? `Bearer ${token}` : '' },
    };
  },
});

We are now ready to query data from GraphQL backend. Let’s go ahead and setup our database now.

Setting up the Database

Go ahead and create a new account with Fauna if you haven’t done already. Fauna is a distributed serverless database that uses native GraphQL API.

Head over to the Fauna dashboard and create a new database.

Fauna create new database

You are now ready to define our GraphQL schema. The following ULM diagram describes how to model the data in your application. In this app you have users and every user can have many posts. It is a has_many relationship between User and Post.

Database relationship

Head back over to the code and create a new file schema.graphql in your root directory. Add the following code.

# schema.graphql

type User {
  username: String!
  email: String!
  posts: [Post!] @relation
}

type Post {
  title: String!
  content: String!
  author: User!
}

type Query {
  listPosts: [Post]
}

Next, upload the schema to your Fauna database. Head over to Fauna dashboard, select GraphQL and import schema. Import the schema.graphql file.

Upload schema to Fauna

Notice that you are presented with a GraphQL playground once the scheme is uploaded. You can add, modify and debug your GraphQL api from this playground.

Graphql playground overview

Let’s go ahead and add some data to our database. Create a new user by running the following mutation inside the GraphQL playground.

mutation CreateNewUser {
  createUser(data: {
    username: "shadid"
    email: "shadid120@email.com"
  }) {
    _id
    username
    email
  }
}

Mutation CreateNewUser running on graphql playground

Similarly, create a new post. Run the following mutation in the GraphQL playground to create a new post.

mutation CreatePost {
  createPost(data: {
    title: "Hello worlds"
    content: "Some content"
    author: {
      **connect: "321522241336508481"**
    }
  }) {
    _id
    title
    content
    author {
      email
    }
  }
}

Notice that we used the author > connect field. You add the userId from the previous mutation here. This will associate the user with the post. Therefore this post’s author will be the user you created in the first mutation.

Create post mutation running on graphql playground

Querying data from Svelte App

Let’s go ahead and query the data from our Svelte application. We first need to specify a role and generate a key for our frontend to communicate with the database.

Head over to Fauna dashboard. Select Security > Roles > New Custom Role.

Creating a new custom role

Give your role a name and provide read access to User and Post collections. Also provide read access to post_author_by_user index and listPosts index.

Giving permission to custom role

Now navigate to Security > Keys > New Key.

Creating new key

Create a new key for your SvelteApp role.

Associate key with role

Generated new key

Next, copy the generated key. Create a new file .env in the root of your application and add the key as an environment variable.

# .env
VITE_PUBLIC_FAUNA_KEY=<Your Key Here>

Notice that this key is a public key and it will be exposed to the front end. This is why the role associated with this key only has read access.

Now on the home page let’s pull in all the posts from your database. Add the following code to your src/routes/index.js file.

<script lang="js">
    import { operationStore, query, setClient} from '@urql/svelte';
    import client from '../client'
    setClient(client);

  const allPosts = operationStore(`
    query GetAllPosts($size: Int!, $cursor: String) {
      listPosts(_size: $size, _cursor: $cursor) {
        data {
          _id
          title
          author {
            email
          }
        }
      }
    }
  `,
  { size: 100 },
  { requestPolicy: 'network-only' }
  );

    query(allPosts);

</script>

<h1>Posts</h1>

{#if $allPosts.fetching}
<p>Loading...</p>
{:else if $allPosts.error}
<p>Oh no... {$allPosts.error.message}</p>
{:else}

{#each $allPosts.data.listPosts.data as post}

<div class="post-wrap">
  <a href={`/posts/${post._id}`}>
    <div>{post.title}</div>
  </a>
  <span>by {post.author.email}</span>
</div>

{/each}

{/if}

<style>
  .post-wrap {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
  }
</style>

Restart your application. Notice that you are now getting all the posts in the root URL of your app.

App showing all posts on index route

Notice that when you select a post the app takes you to /post/:id route. You will be able to see individual posts in this route. Let’s go ahead and create this route.

Create a new file routes/posts/[id].svelte and add the following code.

// routes/posts/[id].svelte

<script lang="js">
  import { operationStore, query, setClient} from '@urql/svelte';
  import { page } from '$app/stores';
    import client from '../../client'
    setClient(client);

  const currentPost = operationStore(`
    query GetPostById($id: ID!) {
      findPostByID(id: $id) {
        _id
        title
        content
        author {
          email
        }
      }
    }
  `,
  { id: $page.params.id }
  )

  query(currentPost)

</script>

{#if $currentPost.fetching}
<p>Loading...</p>
{:else}

<h2>{$currentPost.data.findPostByID.title}</h2>
<p>By <b>{currentPost.data.findPostByID.author.email}</b></p>
<p>{$currentPost.data.findPostByID.content}</p>
{/if}

Authentication and Authorization

Next, let’s go ahead and add authentication to our application. We can easily add authentication using the fauna-gql-upload and fauna-graphql-tool library. First go let’s go ahead and add these dependencies to our project.

npm i @fauna-labs/graphql-tool fauna-gql-upload --save-dev

These libraries are automation scripts and you need an admin key from Fauna to run these tools.

Head over to the Fauna dashboard.

Select Security > Keys > New Key.

Creating new key

Create a new Admin key. Make sure the role is set as admin.

Admin key

Do not share this admin key with anyone or deploy it with your application. Admin key should only be used with automation/migration tools.

Add the admin key to .env variable. Make sure that your .env file is in the gitignore list.

##.env
VITE_PUBLIC_FAUNA_KEY=<Fauna Public Key>
FGU_SECRET=<Your Admin Key>

Next, you have to make the following changes to your GraphQL schema.

type User **@auth(primary: "email")** {
  username: String!
  email: String!
  posts: [Post!] @relation
}

type Post **@protected(membership: "User", rule: ["read", "write", "create"])** {
  title: String!
  content: String!
  author: User!
}

type Query {
  listPosts: [Post]
}

Notice in the previous code block we added a @auth directive to our User collection. This means that we will be using the User collection to authenticate. The primary key defines which fields will be used to register and login users. In this case, it is email. Therefore users can login using their email and password.

Notice that there is an @protected directive added to Post collection*.* This directive defines the access patterns. Logged in users are allowed to write, create new posts.

Once you add these changes to your schema open up the package.json file and add the following code snippet in the script section.

// package.json

{
 ...
 "script": {
   ...
   "fgu": "fgu",
   "fgt": "fgt"
 }
}

We are adding these scripts here so we can run fauna-graphql-tool (fgt) and fauna-gql-upload (fgu) from npm.

fgt takes your GraphQL schema and compiles the schema into various database resources (i.e. Collection, User Defined Functions, Authentication Rules) and fgu uploads the resources to Fauna.

Finally, run the following command in your terminal

npm run fgt && npm run fgu

Notice that a new folder name/fauna is generated with all the resources.

Generated files

  • đź“— Pro Tip:

    Notice, that a new folder called /fauna is created when you run the scripts. You can open this folder up and observe the various functions and roles the automation scripts has created. If you wan to customize your authentication rules further feel free to change thelogic here.

If you are interested in how these resources work then go over the documentation on Fauna JavaScript drivers.

Now, when you go back to GraphQL playground in Fauna, you will notice that register and login mutation are available for you.

showing mutations

Finally, head over to Security > Roles > SvelteRole and give your role call privilege to these newly generated functions. Make sure to give read access to user_by_email index as well since this index is used by the login function.

configuring permissions

User Registration Form

Next, let’s go ahead and create the user registration form. Create a new file src/routes/register.svelte and add the following code.

// src/routes/register.svelte

<script lang="js">
  import { setClient, mutation } from '@urql/svelte';
  import client from '../client'
  import { goto } from '$app/navigation';

  setClient(client);

  const registerMutation = mutation({
    query: `
      mutation ($email: String!, $password: String!) {
        register(email: $email, password: $password) {
          email
          _id
        }
      }
    `,
  });

  async function onSubmit(e) {
    const formData = new FormData(e.target);

    const data = {};
    for (let field of formData) {
      const [key, value] = field;
      data[key] = value;
    }
    const { email, password } = data;
    const resp = await registerMutation({ email, password })
    if (resp.data.register) {
      goto('/');
    } 
    if(resp.error) {
      alert(resp.error.message);
      console.log(resp.error);
    }
  }
</script>

<div class="wrap">
  <h3>Register New User</h3>
  <form on:submit|preventDefault={onSubmit}>
    <div>
        <label for="name">Email</label>
        <input
          type="text"
          id="email"
          name="email"
          value=""
        />
    </div>
    <div>
      <label for="name">Password</label>
      <input
        type="password"
        id="password"
        name="password"
        value=""
      />
    </div>
    <button class="button is-light" type="submit">Register</button>
  </form>
</div>

In the previous code block you have a simple form component. On form submit the register mutation runs and a new user is registered.

User Login form

Next, let’s go ahead and create a user login form. We can save the user session in the browser cookies. The js-cookie library let us do this easily. Add this library by running the following command in your terminal.

npm i js-cookie --save

Create a new file src/routes/login.svelte and add the following code.

<script>
  import { setClient, mutation } from '@urql/svelte';
  import client from '../client';
  import Cookies from 'js-cookie';
  import { goto } from '$app/navigation';

  setClient(client);

  const loginMutation = mutation({
    query: `
      mutation ($email: String!, $password: String!) {
        login(email: $email, password: $password) {
          secret
          ttl
          data {
            _id
            email
          }
        }
      }
    `,
  });
  async function onSubmit(e) {
    const formData = new FormData(e.target);

    const data = {};
    for (let field of formData) {
      const [key, value] = field;
      data[key] = value;
    }
    const { email, password } = data;
    const resp = await loginMutation({ email, password })

    if(resp.data.login.data) {
      Cookies.set(
        'MY_BLOG_APP_TOKEN', 
        JSON.stringify({
          id: resp.data.login.data._id,
          secret: resp.data.login.secret
        }), 
        { expires: resp.data.login.data.ttl }
      );
      alert('Login Successful');
      goto('/')
    }
  }
</script>

<div>
  <h3>Login Form</h3>
  <form on:submit|preventDefault={onSubmit} >
    <div>
      <label for="name">Email</label>
      <input
        type="text"
        id="email"
        name="email"
        value=""
      />
    </div>
    <div>
      <label for="name">Password</label>
      <input
        type="password"
        id="password"
        name="password"
        value=""
      />
    </div>
    <button type="submit">Submit</button>
  </form>
</div>

In the previous code block, you have a simple form component. On form submit the login mutation is triggered. On successful login, Fauna returns a new token. This token is authenticated user token. We use js-cookie to store this token in the browser cookies.

Creating a new Post

In our application, logged-in users are able to create new posts. Create a new function called clientWithAuthToken in your client.js file. You can pass in an auth token retrieved from session cookies and this function will set up the GraphQL client with that session token.

// src/client.js

export const clientWithAuthToken = token => createClient({
  url: 'https://graphql.us.fauna.com/graphql',
  fetchOptions: () => {
    console.log('token', token);
    return {
      headers: { authorization: token ? `Bearer ${token}` : '' },
    };
  },
});

Next, let’s go ahead and create a page where users can post new posts.

Create a new file src/routes/posts/new.svelte and add the following code in there.


// src/routes/posts/new.svelte

<script lang="js">
  import Cookies from 'js-cookie';
  import { setClient, mutation } from '@urql/svelte';
  import { clientWithAuthToken } from '../../client';
  import { goto } from '$app/navigation';

  let userSession = Cookies.get('MY_BLOG_APP_TOKEN');
  let authorId;

  if(userSession) {
    const { secret, id } = JSON.parse(userSession);
    authorId = id;
    setClient(clientWithAuthToken(secret));
  }

  const newPost = mutation({
    query: `
    mutation CreatePost($title: String!, $content: String! $authorId: ID!) {
      createPost(data: {
        title: $title
        content: $content
        author: {
          connect: $authorId
        }
      }) {
        _id
        title
        content
      }
    }
    `,
  });

  async function onSubmit(e) {
    const formData = new FormData(e.target);

    const data = {};
    for (let field of formData) {
      const [key, value] = field;
      data[key] = value;
    }

    const { content, title } = data;
    try {
      console.log('authorId', authorId);
      if(!authorId) {
        alert('You must be logged in to create a post');
        return;
      }
      const resp = await newPost({ title, content, authorId }); 
      if(resp.data.createPost) {
        alert('Post created successfully')
        goto('/')
      }
    } catch (error) {
      console.log(error);
    }
  }
</script>

<div>
  <h3>New Post</h3>
  {#if !userSession}
    <p class="login-promt">You must be logged in to create a post</p>
  {/if}
  <form on:submit|preventDefault={onSubmit} >
    <div class="input-blocks">
      <label for="name">Title</label>
      <input
        type="text"
        name="title"
        value=""
      />
    </div>
    <div class="input-blocks">
      <label for="name">Content</label>
      <textarea
        type="text"
        name="content"
        value=""
      />
    </div>
    <button type="submit">Submit</button>
  </form>
</div>

<style>
  .input-blocks {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    max-width: 300px;
    margin-bottom: 1em;
  }
  .login-promt {
    color: coral;
  }
</style>

In the previous code block when a user submits the form the createPost mutation fires. Notice that we are using the clientWithAuthToken to set up your GraphQL client. You retrieve the session token from browser cookies and use it to set up the GraphQL client. If the user is not logged in or if the session token expired then this mutation will not work.

Deleting a Post

Let’s add the functionality to delete a post. Create a new component src/lib/Delete.svelte

and add the following code.

// src/lib/Delete.svelte

<script lang="js">
  import Cookies from 'js-cookie';
  import { clientWithAuthToken } from '../client';
  import { setClient, mutation } from '@urql/svelte';
  import { page } from '$app/stores';
  import { goto } from '$app/navigation';

  let userSession = Cookies.get('MY_BLOG_APP_TOKEN');
  if (userSession) {
    setClient(clientWithAuthToken(userSession))
    const {secret } = JSON.parse(userSession);
    setClient(clientWithAuthToken(secret));
  }

  const deletePost = mutation({
    query: `
      mutation DeletePost($id: ID!) {
        deletePost(id: $id) {
          _id
          title
        }
      }
    `
  })

  async function handleDelete() {

    const { data, error } = await deletePost({ id: $page.params.id });

    if(error) {
      console.log('error', error);
      alert('error', error.message);
      return;
    }

    if(data.deletePost) {
      alert('Post deleted');
      goto('/')
    }

  }
</script>

<button on:click|preventDefault={handleDelete} disabled={!userSession}>Delete</button>

This component renders a button. When the button is selected it fires the deletePost mutation with the authenticated user’s token.

Add this component to your src/routes/posts/[id].svelte page.

<script lang="js">
 ...
</script>

...
<Delete />
{/if}

However, notice that when you select the button you will receive a permission denied message. This is because we haven’t set delete privilege.

Head over to Fauna dashboard again and select Security > Roles > UserRole.

Defining user roles

In the Post collection check the delete and select save.

Post permission

🤔 What if you only want the owner of the post to be able to delete it. It is very easy to add this rule. From the post dropdown select a delete rule.

Predicate permission

Add the following code snippet in the predicate rule. This predicate rule defines that only the author of a post is allowed to delete a post.

Lambda("ref", Equals(
  Identity(), // logged in user
  Select(["data", "author"], Get(Var("ref")))
))

Editing a post

Next, let’s add the edit post functionality. Go ahead and create a new component /src/lib/Edit.svelte and add the following code.

// /src/lib/Edit.svelte
<script lang="js">
  import { operationStore, query, setClient } from '@urql/svelte';
  import { page } from '$app/stores';
    import client from '../../client'
  import Delete from '$lib/Delete.svelte';
  import Edit from '$lib/Edit.svelte';

    setClient(client);

  const currentPost = operationStore(`
    query GetPostById($id: ID!) {
      findPostByID(id: $id) {
        _id
        title
        content
        author {
          email
        }
      }
    }
  `,
  { id: $page.params.id },
  { requestPolicy: 'network-only' }
  )

  query(currentPost)

  export let post = null;

  currentPost.subscribe(({data}) => {
    if(data) {
      post = data.findPostByID;
    }
  })

</script>

{#if $currentPost.fetching}
<p>Loading...</p>
{:else}

<h2>{$currentPost.data.findPostByID.title}</h2>
<p>By <b>{currentPost.data.findPostByID.author.email}</b></p>
<p>{$currentPost.data.findPostByID.content}</p>
<Edit post={post}/>
<Delete />
{/if}

This component is a basic form component where the data is pre populated from the posts/[id].svelte component. On form submit this component fires the edit post mutation.

Add this component in your src/routes/posts/[id].svelte file.

<script lang="js">
    import Edit from '$lib/Edit.svelte'; 
  ... 
  export let post = null;

  currentPost.subscribe(({data}) => {
    if(data) {
      post = data.findPostByID;
    }
  })
</script>

...
<Edit post={post}/>
{/if}

With the changes applied the code in your src/routes/posts/[id].svelte file should be as follows.

// src/routes/posts/[id].svelte
<script lang="js">
  import { operationStore, query, setClient } from '@urql/svelte';
  import { page } from '$app/stores';
    import client from '../../client'
  import Delete from '$lib/Delete.svelte';
  import Edit from '$lib/Edit.svelte';

    setClient(client);

  const currentPost = operationStore(`
    query GetPostById($id: ID!) {
      findPostByID(id: $id) {
        _id
        title
        content
        author {
          email
        }
      }
    }
  `,
  { id: $page.params.id },
  { requestPolicy: 'network-only' }
  )

  query(currentPost)

  export let post = null;

  currentPost.subscribe(({data}) => {
    if(data) {
      post = data.findPostByID;
    }
  })

</script>

{#if $currentPost.fetching}
<p>Loading...</p>
{:else}

<h2>{$currentPost.data.findPostByID.title}</h2>
<p>By <b>{currentPost.data.findPostByID.author.email}</b></p>
<p>{$currentPost.data.findPostByID.content}</p>
<Edit post={post}/>
<Delete />
{/if}

Update template to reflect user authentication state

Currently our app template doesn’t change when user is in logged in state. Let’s change that.

Create a new file src/store.js. Create a new writeable store in this file to hold user session data. Add the following code to this file.

import { writable } from 'svelte/store';

export const userSession = writable(null);

Next, whenever user logs in write the user information to this store. Make the following code changes to your src/routes/login.svelte file.

<script>
  ...
  import { userSession } from '../store';
  ...
  async function onSubmit(e) {
    ...
    if(resp.data.login.data) {
      ...
      userSession.update(() => ({
        email,
        id: resp.data.login.data._id,
        secret: resp.data.login.secret
      }));
      alert('Login Successful');
      goto('/')
    }
  }
</script>

Finally update the src/lib/Nav.svelte file with he following code. In the following code block we are listening for any changes to the store. If the user is logged in the app renders Logout form else it renders login and register link.

<script lang="js">
  import { userSession } from '../store.js';
  import Cookies from 'js-cookie';
  let user;
  userSession.subscribe(val => {
    user = val;
  });

  function logout() {
    userSession.update(() => null);
    Cookies.remove('MY_BLOG_APP_TOKEN');
  }
</script>

<nav>
  <a href="/">Home</a>
  {#if user}
  <!-- svelte-ignore a11y-invalid-attribute -->
  <a href="#" on:click={logout}>Logout</a>
  {:else}
  <a href="/login">Login</a>
  <a href="/register">Register</a>
  {/if}
  <hr />
</nav>

Deployment

Vercel

We are now ready to make our application live. You can easily deploy a Svelte application with Vercel. Create a new account on Vercel if you haven’t done it already. Next run the following command and follow the instruction.

npx vercel --prod

Netlify

Follow the article below for Netlify deployment.

https://dev.to/danawoodman/deploying-a-sveltekit-app-to-netlify-5dc3

And that’s a wrap. I hope this article was informative and gave you an overall understanding of developing your own full-stack serverless apps with Svelte and GraphQL. If you have any feedback feel free to drop a line in the comment section. If you have any questions feel free to reach out to me on my Twitter @HaqueShadid


This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by Shadid Haque


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Shadid Haque | Sciencx (2022-01-26T12:56:53+00:00) How to build a full stack serverless application with Svelte, GraphQL, and Fauna. Retrieved from https://www.scien.cx/2022/01/26/how-to-build-a-full-stack-serverless-application-with-svelte-graphql-and-fauna/

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" » How to build a full stack serverless application with Svelte, GraphQL, and Fauna." Shadid Haque | Sciencx - Wednesday January 26, 2022, https://www.scien.cx/2022/01/26/how-to-build-a-full-stack-serverless-application-with-svelte-graphql-and-fauna/
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» How to build a full stack serverless application with Svelte, GraphQL, and Fauna | Shadid Haque | Sciencx | https://www.scien.cx/2022/01/26/how-to-build-a-full-stack-serverless-application-with-svelte-graphql-and-fauna/ |

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