What is the Page Object Model (POM), and how does it benefit Selenium automation testing? #InterviewQuestion

This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by Code Green

Interview Question: What is the Page Object Model (POM), and how does it benefit Selenium automation testing? Discuss a specific project where you implemented POM and its impact on test maintenance and scalability.

Page Object Model (POM) in Selenium Automation Testing

Page Object Model (POM) is a design pattern in Selenium WebDriver that helps in enhancing test maintenance and scalability by abstracting web elements and actions on a web page into reusable classes called Page Objects.

Benefits of using POM:

• Code Reusability: Page Objects encapsulate web elements and related methods, making them reusable across multiple tests.
• Easy Maintenance: Changes to the UI are confined to the Page Objects, reducing maintenance efforts as updates are localized.
• Improved Scalability: POM promotes structured test development, making it easier to add new tests and scale automation efforts.
• Enhanced Readability: Tests become more readable and understandable, as business logic and page interactions are separated.

Example: Suppose we have a Login Page with username, password fields, and a login button. Here’s how a Page Object might look in Java:

LoginPage.java

In this example, we'll separate the WebElement locators into a separate class and use @FindBy annotations for clarity and maintainability.

LoginPageElements.java

class LoginPageElements {
        WebDriver driver;

        @FindBy(id = "username")
        WebElement usernameField;

        @FindBy(id = "password")
        WebElement passwordField;

        @FindBy(id = "loginButton")
        WebElement loginButton;

        public LoginPageElements(WebDriver driver) {
            this.driver = driver;
            PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
        }
    }

LoginPage.java:

    import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
    import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
    import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
    import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;

    public class LoginPage {
        private WebDriver driver;
        private LoginPageElements elements;

        public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
            this.driver = driver;
            this.elements = new LoginPageElements(driver);
            PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
        }

        public void enterUsername(String username) {
            elements.usernameField.sendKeys(username);
        }

        public void enterPassword(String password) {
            elements.passwordField.sendKeys(password);
        }

        public void clickLoginButton() {
            elements.loginButton.click();
        }
    }

Explanation:

• LoginPageElements.java: This class stores the WebElement locators using @FindBy annotations. It initializes elements using PageFactory.initElements to initialize WebElements.
• LoginPage.java: This class initializes the WebDriver and LoginPageElements. It contains methods to interact with the login page elements.
• @FindBy annotations help in locating elements without the need for driver.findElement calls, improving code readability and reducing duplication.

This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by Code Green

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