The Systemic Impact of Deplatforming on Social Media: Acknowledgements, Data, and References

Gettr and Twitter data used for this project is available in anonymised format on request at https://osf.io/ dx2p8/. The authors thank Alessandro Galeazzi for providing the Media Bias / Fact Check data. The authors acknowledge the 100683EPID Project “Global Health Security Academic Research Coalition’ SCH-00001-3391.


This content originally appeared on HackerNoon and was authored by Deplatform

:::info Authors:

(1) Amin Mekacher, City University of London, Department of Mathematics, London EC1V 0HB, (UK) and this author contributed equally;

(2) Max Falkenberg, City University of London, Department of Mathematics, London EC1V 0HB, (UK), this author contributed equally, and Corresponding authors: max.falkenberg@city.ac.uk;

(3) Andrea Baronchelli, City University of London, Department of Mathematics, London EC1V 0HB, (UK), The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, London NW1 2DB, (UK), and Corresponding authors: abaronchelli@turing.ac.uk.

:::

Abstract and Introduction

Results

Discussion & Conclusion

Methods

Acknowledgements, Data availability, and References

Acknowledgements

M.F. and A.B. acknowledge the 100683EPID Project “Global Health Security Academic Research Coalition” SCH-00001-3391. M.F. thanks Alessandro Galeazzi for providing the Media Bias / Fact Check data.

Data availability

Gettr and Twitter data used for this project is available in anonymised format on request at https://osf.io/ dx2p8/.

REFERENCES

[1] J. Owono, “Banning content platforms is not a solution to hate speech on the internet, even when the platform is meta,” https://www.justsecurity.org/82601/ banning-content-platforms-is-not-a-solutionto-hate-speech-on-the-internet-even-when-theplatform-is-meta/, Accessed 16 March, 2023 (2022).

\ [2] UNESCO, U. N. O. on Genocide Prevention, and the Responsibility to Protect, “Addressing hate speech on social media: contemporary challenges,” (2021).

\ [3] A.-D. League, “Adl calls on twitter to suspend accounts supporting qanon,” https://www.adl.org/ resources/blog/adl-calls-twitter-suspendaccounts-supporting-qanon Accessed 11 March, 2023 (2021).

\ [4] S. Jhaver, C. Boylston, D. Yang, and A. Bruckman, Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 5 (2021), 10.1145/3479525.

\ [5] P. Johansson, F. Enock, S. Hale, B. Vidgen, C. Bereskin, H. Margetts, and J. Bright, “How can we combat online misinformation? a systematic overview of current interventions and their efficacy,” (2022).

\ [6] M. Horta Ribeiro, J. Blackburn, B. Bradlyn, E. De Cristofaro, G. Stringhini, S. Long, S. Greenberg, and S. Zannettou, Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 15, 196 (2021).

\ [7] M. H. Ribeiro, S. Jhaver, S. Zannettou, J. Blackburn, G. Stringhini, E. D. Cristofaro, and R. West, Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, 1 (2021).

\ [8] S. Ali, M. H. Saeed, E. Aldreabi, J. Blackburn, E. De Cristofaro, S. Zannettou, and G. Stringhini, in 13th ACM Web Science Conference 2021 (Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2021).

\ [9] A. Rauchfleisch and J. Kaiser, SSRN Electronic Journal (2021), 10.2139/ssrn.3867818.

\ [10] V. Voskresenskii, International Journal of Communication 17 (2023).

\ [11] A. Mekacher and A. Papasavva, Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 16, 1302 (2022).

\ [12] G. Russo, M. H. Ribeiro, G. Casiraghi, and L. Verginer, arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.04765 (2022).

\ [13] B. Evkoski, A. Pelicon, I. Mozetiˇc, N. Ljubeˇsi´c, and P. K. Novak, PLOS ONE 17, e0265602 (2022).

\ [14] A. Urman and S. Katz, Information, Communication & Society 25, 904 (2020).

\ [15] K. Bryanov, D. Vasina, Y. Pankova, and V. Pakholkov, in Communications in Computer and Information Science (Springer International Publishing, 2022) pp. 417– 428.

\ [16] E. Chandrasekharan, U. Pavalanathan, A. Srinivasan, A. Glynn, J. Eisenstein, and E. Gilbert, Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 1, 1 (2017).

\ [17] X. Zhang, Z. Wei, Q. Du, and Z. Zhang, SSRN Electronic Journal (2022), 10.2139/ssrn.4089011.

\ [18] M. Ribeiro, P. Calais, Y. Santos, V. Almeida, and W. M. Jr., Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 12 (2018), 10.1609/icwsm.v12i1.15057.

\ [19] C. Winter, P. Neumann, A. Meleagrou-Hitchens, M. Ranstorp, L. Vidino, and J. F¨urst, International Journal of Conflict and Violence (IJCV) , Vol 14 No 2 (2020) (2020).

\ [20] A. Bovet and P. Grindrod, Applied Network Science 7 (2022), 10.1007/s41109-022-00513-8.

\ [21] Z. Tufekci, “How social media took us from tahrir square to donald trump,” https://www.technologyreview.com/ 2018/08/14/240325/how-social-media-took-usfrom-tahrir-square-to-donald-trump/ Accessed 26 January, 2023 (2018).

\ [22] M. Cinelli, A. Pelicon, I. Mozetiˇc, W. Quattrociocchi, P. K. Novak, and F. Zollo, Scientific Reports 11 (2021), 10.1038/s41598-021-01487-w.

\ [23] M. Naffakh, “How pro-terrorism accounts are circumventing moderation on social media,” https:// observers.france24.com/en/middle-east/20221125- social-media-propaganda-islamic-state-terrorism Accessed 26 January, 2023 (2022).

\ [24] A. Romano, “What we still haven’t learned from gamergate,” https://www.vox.com/culture/2020/1/ 20/20808875/gamergate-lessons-cultural-impactchanges-harassment-laws Accessed 26 January, 2023 (2021).

\ [25] K. Johnson, “Twitter permanently bans u.s. representative marjorie taylor greene,” https: //www.reuters.com/world/us/twitter-permanentlybans-us-representative-marjorie-taylor-greene2022-01-02/ Accessed 17 March, 2023 (2022).

\ [26] T. McKay, “Joe rogan joined gettr 10 days ago and already thinks it sucks,” https://gizmodo.com/joerogan-joined-gettr-10-days-ago-and-alreadythinks-i-1848346452 Accessed 17 March, 2023 (2022).

\ [27] M. R. DeVerna, R. Aiyappa, D. Pacheco, J. Bryden, and F. Menczer, “Identification and characterization of misinformation superspreaders on social media,” (2022).

\ [28] A. B. Cantor, Statistics in Medicine 20, 2091 (2001).

\ [29] D. Friedman and A. Breland, “Leaked messages show gettr in crisis mode over joe rogan criticism,” https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2022/01/ leaked-messages-show-gettr-crisis-mode-joerogan-jason-miller-guo-wengui/ Accessed 20 January, 2023 (2022).

\ [30] D. Thiel and M. McCain, Stanford Internet Observatory (2021).

\ [31] C. Schwemmer, Social Media + Society 7, 20563051211041650 (2021). [32] M. Grootendorst, ArXiv preprint 2203.05794 (2022). [33] E. Woo, The New York Times (2022).

\ [34] Twitter Transparency Team, “Covid-19 misinformation transparency report,” https: //transparency.twitter.com/en/reports/ covid19.html#2021-jul-dec (2022), accessed 7 February, 2023.

\ [35] K. Conger and M. Isaac, The New York Times (2021).

\ [36] P. Barber´a, Political analysis 23, 76 (2015).

\ [37] J. Flamino, A. Galeazzi, S. Feldman, M. W. Macy, B. Cross, Z. Zhou, M. Serafino, A. Bovet, H. A. Makse, and B. K. Szymanski, Nature Human Behaviour (2023), 10.1038/s41562-023-01550-8.

\ [38] M. Falkenberg, A. Galeazzi, M. Torricelli, N. Di Marco, F. Larosa, M. Sas, A. Mekacher, W. Pearce, F. Zollo, W. Quattrociocchi, et al., Nature Climate Change , 1 (2022).

\ [39] J. A. Hartigan and P. M. Hartigan, The annals of Statistics 13, 70 (1985).

\ [40] S. Gonz´alez-Bail´on and M. De Domenico, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, e2013443118 (2021).

\ [41] A. Bovet and H. A. Makse, Nature Communications 10 (2019), 10.1038/s41467-018-07761-2.

\ [42] “Google perspective api,” https:// perspectiveapi.com/ Accessed 3 February, 2023 (2023).

\ [43] M. Cinelli, G. Etta, M. Avalle, A. Quattrociocchi, N. Di Marco, C. Valensise, A. Galeazzi, and W. Quattrociocchi, Current Opinion in Psychology , 101407 (2022).

\ [44] M. Cinelli, G. D. F. Morales, A. Galeazzi, W. Quattrociocchi, and M. Starnini, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, e2023301118 (2021).

\ [45] K. H. Jamieson and J. N. Cappella, Echo chamber: Rush Limbaugh and the conservative media establishment (Oxford University Press, 2008).

\ [46] P. Barber´a, Social media and democracy: The state of the field, prospects for reform 34 (2020).

\ [47] M. Conover, J. Ratkiewicz, M. Francisco, B. Gon¸calves, F. Menczer, and A. Flammini, in Proceedings of the international aaai conference on web and social media, Vol. 5 (2011) pp. 89–96.

\ [48] W. Cota, S. C. Ferreira, R. Pastor-Satorras, and M. Starnini, EPJ Data Science 8, 35 (2019).

\ [49] R. J. Gallagher, A. J. Reagan, C. M. Danforth, and P. S. Dodds, PloS one 13, e0195644 (2018).

\ [50] R. Mami´e, M. Horta Ribeiro, and R. West, in 13th ACM Web Science Conference 2021 , WebSci ’21 (Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2021) p. 139–147.

\ [51] M. L. Krook, Politics & Gender 14, 673–675 (2018).

\ [52] P. Metaxas, E. Mustafaraj, K. Wong, L. Zeng, M. O’Keefe, and S. Finn, in Proceedings of the international AAAI conference on web and social media, Vol. 9 (2015) pp. 658–661.

\ [53] P. C. Guerra, R. Nalon, R. Assun¸cao, and W. Meira Jr, in Eleventh international AAAI conference on web and social media (2017).

\ [54] M. Stella, E. Ferrara, and M. De Domenico, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, 12435 (2018).

\ [55] Speaker of the house during the timeframe of our dataset.

\ [56] L. Van Vliet, P. T¨ornberg, and J. Uitermark, PLoS one 15, e0237073 (2020).

\ [57] Democrat during our analysis timeframe; left the Democratic party in October 2022.

\ [58] B. Shepherd and T. Axelrod, “How liz cheney went from rising republican star to primary underdog after jan. 6,” https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/liz-cheneyrising-republican-star-enters-primary-underdog/ story?id=88415555 Accessed 21 February, 2023 (2022).

\ [59] L. Fedor and A. Edgecliffe-Johnson, “Adam kinzinger: the ‘rino’ leading the charge for a post-trump gop,” https://www.ft.com/content/7984b8e0-7c8b-4527- 95ec-4e46b6048499 Accessed 21 February, 2023 (2021).

\ [60] H. Lin, J. Lasser, S. Lewandowsky, R. Cole, A. Gully, D. Rand, and G. Pennycook, PsyArXiv (2022).

\ [61] H. Fan, W. Du, A. Dahou, A. A. Ewees, D. Yousri, M. A. Elaziz, A. H. Elsheikh, L. Abualigah, and M. A. A. Alqaness, Electronics 10, 1332 (2021).

\ [62] M. R. Awal, R. Cao, S. Mitrovic, and R. K.-W. Lee, “On analyzing antisocial behaviors amid covid-19 pandemic,” (2020).

\ [63] O. Caldeira Neto, “The brazilian far-right and the path to january 8th,” https://gnet-research.org/2023/ 01/23/the-brazilian-far-right-and-the-path-tojanuary-8th/, Accessed 24 January, 2023 (2023).

\ [64] C. Ecarma, “The right-wing media’s coverage of brazil’s insurrection is a rerun of january 6,” https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2023/01/rightwing-media-brazils-insurrection Accessed 24 January, 2023 (2023).

\ [65] L. Zhu and K. Lerman, “Attention inequality in social media,” (2016).

\ [66] B. Guinaudeau, F. Vottax, and K. Munger, Unpublished paper. Available at: https://osf. io/f7ehq/download (2020).

\ [67] M. Falkenberg, Communications Physics 4, 200 (2021).

\ [68] K. Orman, V. Labatut, and H. Cherifi, Complex Networks , 99 (2013).

\ [69] A. Maciel, “How the trump universe is backing bolsonaro’s reelection bid in brazil,” https://worldcrunch.com/world-affairs/brazilbolsonaro-trump-gettr, Accessed 20 January, 2023 (2022).

\ [70] Y. Golovchenko, The Journal of Politics 84, 639 (2022).

\ [71] J. E. Lane, K. McCaffree, and F. L. Shults, “Is radicalization reinforced by social media censorship?” (2021).

\ [72] S. Miller, A. Henschke, and J. F. Feltes, CounterTerrorism (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021).

\ [73] Z. Petrizzo, “Jason miller’s ‘free speech’ social media platform gettr boots white nationalist,” https://www.thedailybeast.com/jason-millersfree-speech-social-media-platform-gettr-bootswhite-nationalist-nicholas-fuentes Accessed 16 March, 2023 (2021).

\ [74] J. A. Tucker, Y. Theocharis, M. E. Roberts, and P. Barbera, Journal of democracy 28, 46 (2017).

\ [75] N. Persily and J. A. Tucker, Cambridge University Press (2020).

\ [76] S. I. Observatory, “Gogettr,” https://github.com/ stanfordio/gogettr (2021), accessed 6 February, 2023.

\ [77] J. Morse, “Gettr, that site for twitter rejects, is mad twitter won’t let it import tweets,” https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/twitterlacked-something-important-political-discoursejoe-rogan-found-it-ncna1287285 Accessed 27 January, 2023 (2021).

\ [78] S. S. Guimar˜aes, J. C. S. Reis, F. N. Ribeiro, and F. Benevenuto, in Proceedings of the Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web, WebMedia ’20 (Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2020) p. 253–260.

\ [79] A. Sipka, A. Hannak, and A. Urman, in 14th ACM Web Science Conference 2022 , WebSci ’22 (Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2022) p. 411–421.

\ [80] D. Kumar, J. Hancock, K. Thomas, and Z. Durumeric, “Understanding longitudinal behaviors of toxic accounts on reddit,” (2022).

\ [81] “Google perspective api: Attributes and languages,” https://developers.perspectiveapi.com/s/aboutthe-api-attributes-and-languages?language=en US Accessed 16 March, 2023 (2023).

\

:::info This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license.

:::

\


This content originally appeared on HackerNoon and was authored by Deplatform


Print Share Comment Cite Upload Translate Updates
APA

Deplatform | Sciencx (2024-08-15T15:56:03+00:00) The Systemic Impact of Deplatforming on Social Media: Acknowledgements, Data, and References. Retrieved from https://www.scien.cx/2024/08/15/the-systemic-impact-of-deplatforming-on-social-media-acknowledgements-data-and-references/

MLA
" » The Systemic Impact of Deplatforming on Social Media: Acknowledgements, Data, and References." Deplatform | Sciencx - Thursday August 15, 2024, https://www.scien.cx/2024/08/15/the-systemic-impact-of-deplatforming-on-social-media-acknowledgements-data-and-references/
HARVARD
Deplatform | Sciencx Thursday August 15, 2024 » The Systemic Impact of Deplatforming on Social Media: Acknowledgements, Data, and References., viewed ,<https://www.scien.cx/2024/08/15/the-systemic-impact-of-deplatforming-on-social-media-acknowledgements-data-and-references/>
VANCOUVER
Deplatform | Sciencx - » The Systemic Impact of Deplatforming on Social Media: Acknowledgements, Data, and References. [Internet]. [Accessed ]. Available from: https://www.scien.cx/2024/08/15/the-systemic-impact-of-deplatforming-on-social-media-acknowledgements-data-and-references/
CHICAGO
" » The Systemic Impact of Deplatforming on Social Media: Acknowledgements, Data, and References." Deplatform | Sciencx - Accessed . https://www.scien.cx/2024/08/15/the-systemic-impact-of-deplatforming-on-social-media-acknowledgements-data-and-references/
IEEE
" » The Systemic Impact of Deplatforming on Social Media: Acknowledgements, Data, and References." Deplatform | Sciencx [Online]. Available: https://www.scien.cx/2024/08/15/the-systemic-impact-of-deplatforming-on-social-media-acknowledgements-data-and-references/. [Accessed: ]
rf:citation
» The Systemic Impact of Deplatforming on Social Media: Acknowledgements, Data, and References | Deplatform | Sciencx | https://www.scien.cx/2024/08/15/the-systemic-impact-of-deplatforming-on-social-media-acknowledgements-data-and-references/ |

Please log in to upload a file.




There are no updates yet.
Click the Upload button above to add an update.

You must be logged in to translate posts. Please log in or register.