DevOps Project: Production Level CI/CD Pipeline Project

📝 Introduction

In the modern software development landscape, Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipelines are essential for ensuring that code changes are automatically built, tested, and deployed to production environm…


This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by H A R S H H A A

📝 Introduction

In the modern software development landscape, Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipelines are essential for ensuring that code changes are automatically built, tested, and deployed to production environments in a consistent and reliable manner. This document provides a comprehensive guide to setting up a robust CI/CD pipeline using various tools hosted on AWS EC2 instances.

The process will cover everything from setting up the necessary infrastructure to deploying an application on an Amazon EKS (Elastic Kubernetes Service) cluster, assigning a custom domain, and monitoring the application to ensure its stability and performance.

The pipeline will incorporate several industry-standard tools:

  • AWS EC2: Creating virtual machines.
  • Jenkins: Automating the build, test, and deployment processes.
  • SonarQube: Static code analysis to ensure code quality.
  • Trivy: File scan and vulnerability scanning for Docker images.
  • Nexus Repository Manager: Managing artifacts.
  • Terraform: Infrastructure as code to create the EKS Cluster.
  • Docker: Containerization for consistency and portability.
  • Kubernetes: Container orchestration for deployment.
  • Prometheus and Grafana: Monitoring the pipeline and application performance.

By following this guide, you'll be able to set up a fully functional CI/CD pipeline that supports continuous delivery and helps maintain high standards for code quality and application performance.

Step 1️⃣: Set Up a GitHub Repository

Repository Link

Initialize Your Repository

  1. Create a New Repository:
    • Navigate to GitHub.
    • Create a new repository.
    • Clone the repository to your local machine.
    • Add your project files.

Push Local Code to GitHub 

git init
git add .
git commit -m "Initial commit"
git branch -M main
git remote add origin https://github.com/your-username/your-repo.git
git push -u origin main

Step 2️⃣: Set Up Jenkins on AWS EC2

Launch an EC2 Instance

  1. Login to AWS Management Console:
    • Navigate to the EC2 Dashboard.
    • Launch a new instance.
    • Choose Ubuntu as the AMI.
    • Select an instance type (e.g., t2.micro).
    • Configure security groups to allow SSH, HTTP, and port 8080.

Install Jenkins 

#!/bin/bash
# Update packages
sudo apt-get update
# Install Java
sudo apt-get install -y openjdk-11-jdk
# Add Jenkins repo key to your system
wget -q -O - https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian/jenkins.io.key | sudo apt-key add -
# Add Jenkins to your system's sources
sudo sh -c 'echo deb http://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list'
# Update package list
sudo apt-get update
# Install Jenkins
sudo apt-get install -y jenkins
# Start Jenkins service
sudo systemctl start jenkins

Access Jenkins

  1. Open Jenkins:
    • Navigate to http://<your-server-ip>:8080 in a web browser.
    • Unlock Jenkins using the password stored at /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword.

Step 3️⃣: Install Nexus

Launch Nexus on Docker 

docker run -d -p 8081:8081 --name nexus sonatype/nexus3

Access Nexus

  1. Open Nexus:
    • Navigate to http://<your-server-ip>:8081.
    • Use the default credentials:
      • Username: admin
      • Password: Located in the admin.password file inside the container.

Step 4️⃣: Set Up Docker on Jenkins EC2 Instance

Install Docker 

#!/bin/bash
# Update package list
sudo apt-get update
# Install Docker
sudo apt-get install -y docker.io
# Add Jenkins user to Docker group
sudo usermod -aG docker jenkins
# Restart Jenkins to apply group changes
sudo systemctl restart jenkins

Step 5️⃣: Set Up SonarQube

Launch SonarQube on Docker 

docker run -d -p 9000:9000 --name sonarqube sonarqube

Get SonarQube Initial Password

  1. Login Credentials:
    • Username: admin
    • Password: admin

Step 6️⃣: Install Trivy 

#!/bin/bash
# Download and install Trivy
sudo apt-get install wget apt-transport-https gnupg lsb-release -y
wget -qO - https://aquasecurity.github.io/trivy-repo/deb/public.key | sudo apt-key add -
echo deb https://aquasecurity.github.io/trivy-repo/deb $(lsb_release -sc) main | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/trivy.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install trivy

Step 7️⃣: Set Up Terraform EKS

EKS Requirements

  1. Create a terraform directory in your repository.
  2. Include the following files:
    • main.tf
    • variables.tf
    • outputs.tf
    • provider.tf
    • eks-cluster.tf
    • vpc.tf

Example main.tf File 

provider "aws" {
  region = var.region
}

module "vpc" {
  source = "terraform-aws-modules/vpc/aws"
  version = "3.5.0"

  name = var.vpc_name
  cidr = var.vpc_cidr
  azs = var.availability_zones
  public_subnets = var.public_subnets
  private_subnets = var.private_subnets

  enable_nat_gateway = true
  single_nat_gateway = true
  public_subnet_tags = {
    "kubernetes.io/cluster/${var.cluster_name}" = "shared"
    "kubernetes.io/role/elb" = "1"
  }
  private_subnet_tags = {
    "kubernetes.io/cluster/${var.cluster_name}" = "shared"
    "kubernetes.io/role/internal-elb" = "1"
  }
}

module "eks" {
  source = "terraform-aws-modules/eks/aws"
  version = "17.1.0"

  cluster_name = var.cluster_name
  cluster_version = var.kubernetes_version
  subnets = module.vpc.private_subnets
  vpc_id = module.vpc.vpc_id

  node_groups = {
    eks_nodes = {
      desired_capacity = var.desired_capacity
      max_capacity = var.max_capacity
      min_capacity = var.min_capacity

      instance_type = var.instance_type
      key_name = var.key_name
    }
  }
}

Set Up AWS CLI for Terraform 

#!/bin/bash
# Install AWS CLI v2
curl "https://awscli.amazonaws.com/awscli-exe-linux-x86_64.zip" -o "awscliv2.zip"
unzip awscliv2.zip
sudo ./aws/install

# Verify installation
aws --version

Step 8️⃣: Create an IAM Role for Jenkins

  1. Login to AWS Management Console.
  2. Navigate to the IAM Service.
  3. Create a New Role:
    • Select EC2 as the trusted entity.
    • Attach the AmazonEKSClusterPolicy and AmazonEC2ContainerRegistryFullAccess policies.
    • Name your role (e.g., Jenkins_EKS_Role).
  4. Attach the Role to the Jenkins EC2 Instance.

Step 9️⃣: Set Up Jenkins Pipeline

Pipeline Script 

pipeline {
  agent any
  environment {
    AWS_DEFAULT_REGION = 'us-west-2'
    ECR_REPO_NAME = 'my-ecr-repo'
    IMAGE_TAG = "my-ecr-repo:${env.BUILD_ID}"
  }
  stages {
    stage('Checkout') {
      steps {
        git branch: 'main', url: 'https://github.com/your-repo.git'
      }
    }
    stage('Build Docker Image') {
      steps {
        script {
          dockerImage = docker.build("${env.ECR_REPO_NAME}:${env.BUILD_ID}")
        }
      }
    }
    stage('Scan with Trivy') {
      steps {
        script {
          sh 'trivy image --exit-code 1 --severity HIGH,CRITICAL ${dockerImage.id}'
        }
      }
    }
    stage('Push Docker Image') {
      steps {
        script {
          docker.withRegistry("https://${env.AWS_ACCOUNT_ID}.dkr.ecr.${env.AWS_DEFAULT_REGION}.amazonaws.com", 'ecr:aws-credentials') {
            dockerImage.push()
          }
        }
      }
    }
    stage('Deploy to EKS') {
      steps {
        script {
          sh '''
          aws eks --region $AWS_DEFAULT_REGION update-kubeconfig --name $CLUSTER_NAME
          kubectl apply -f k8s/deployment.yaml
          '''
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Step 🔟: Deploy Application to EKS

Update k8s/deployment.yaml 

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: my-app
  labels:
    app: my-app
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: my-app
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: my-app
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: my-app-container
        image: my-ecr-repo:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

Apply the Deployment 

kubectl apply -f k8s/deployment.yaml

Step 1️⃣1️⃣: Assign Custom Domain to EKS

Update k8s/ingress.yaml 

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: my-app-ingress
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
spec:
  rules:
  - host: my-custom-domain.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: my-app-service
            port:
              number: 80

Apply the Ingress 

kubectl apply -f k8s/ingress.yaml

Step 1️⃣2

️⃣: Monitor Application with Prometheus and Grafana

Install Prometheus 

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/prometheus-operator/prometheus-operator/main/bundle.yaml

Install Grafana 

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/grafana-operator/grafana-operator/main/bundle.yaml

Conclusion

This CI/CD pipeline project demonstrates the end-to-end process of automating the software development lifecycle, from code integration to deployment and monitoring. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you’ve successfully:

  • Set Up a Repository: Established a version-controlled environment where code can be collaboratively managed and tracked.
  • Configured Necessary Infrastructure: Provisioned AWS EC2 instances and set up essential tools like Jenkins, SonarQube, Nexus, Prometheus, and Grafana to facilitate continuous integration, deployment, and monitoring.
  • Pushed Local Code to GitHub: Centralized your codebase in a GitHub repository, enabling seamless collaboration and integration with other tools in the pipeline.
  • Built and Deployed the Application: Leveraged Jenkins to automate the build, test, and deployment processes, ensuring that your application is consistently deployed to a Kubernetes cluster on Amazon EKS.
  • Monitored Application Performance: Used Prometheus and Grafana to set up a robust monitoring system that tracks the performance and health of your application in real-time.
  • Assigned a Custom Domain: Mapped your application to a custom domain, making it accessible to users in a production-ready environment.

By integrating these tools and processes, you’ve created a powerful CI/CD pipeline that enhances code quality, reduces deployment time, and ensures application reliability. This setup not only accelerates the development cycle but also fosters a culture of continuous improvement, where code is regularly integrated, tested, and deployed with minimal manual intervention.

Moving forward, you can extend this pipeline by adding more advanced features, such as automated security testing, blue-green deployments, or canary releases, to further improve the robustness and scalability of your CI/CD processes.

Thank you for reading my blog …:)

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This content originally appeared on DEV Community and was authored by H A R S H H A A


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