How Ethereum Layer 2 Solutions Have Evolved: From Rollups to zkEVM

The article discusses the evolution of Ethereum Layer 2 solutions, starting with early attempts like State Channels and Plasma Chains, which aimed to reduce transaction execution time and congestion. It then explores the rise of Rollups, including Optimistic and Zero-Knowledge Rollups, which process transactions off-chain and enhance scalability while maintaining security. Finally, it introduces zkEVM, a new advancement that combines zero-knowledge proofs with Ethereum’s infrastructure to enable secure, scalable, and cost-effective smart contract execution. The article highlights the continuous development of Layer 2 solutions to improve Ethereum’s efficiency and support for decentralized applications.


This content originally appeared on HackerNoon and was authored by Ileolami

\ A typical Yoruba Nigerian party always includes souvenirs and a variety of food to share with guests. When it's time to share, it often becomes chaotic and time-consuming, with biases, and in the end, food and souvenirs still don't reach all the guests.

\ My neighbour's wedding came with high expectations and careful planning. In her words, "I want all my guests to be well-fed, and souvenirs must go around." She budgeted for 500 guests, even though invitations were sent out for only 200. You can see she planned it well and was ready to satisfy everyone.

\ The day arrived like any other, the hall was beautifully decorated, the caterer was prepared, and the souvenirs for 500 guests were sorted out. Everything was going smoothly until I heard, "Food has finished." I looked around the hall, and 40% of the guests had not been served. Immediately, I alerted my mom about the incident.

\ Like a lioness ready to defend her den, my mom rose and questioned the caterer about how the food ran out. To be honest, the caterer was nervous because she knew the consequences. She said, "Mrs. Adelanke, please don’t be angry. The guests kept coming and asking for food, and I thought everyone had been served." Immediately, more food was prepared, and the rest of the guests were taken care of.

\ The same issue happened with the souvenirs; only 50% of the guests received them. The bride wasn’t happy, even though there were no complaints (some were left), because most of the guests left angrily due to the food distribution problem.

\ After the celebration, I sat down and analyzed the incident. I realized that we could have used servers and ushers to manage the distribution of food and souvenirs.

\ This scenario can be likened to Ethereum’s scalability problem. Ethereum faces challenges in efficiently processing transactions. As the network grew, it struggled to handle multi-transactions, leading to congestion and high gas fees. To address this issue, Layer 2 solutions were developed which act like servers and ushers in managing the distribution at the party. 

\ This article will reveal the evolution of Rollups and zkEVM, their importance, their technicality and applications and use cases. 

\


This content originally appeared on HackerNoon and was authored by Ileolami


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